Julius Caesar – Conflicting Perspectives

Every text is constructed for a purpose; the composer is trying to convey and embed their agenda into the reader by persuading them to accept their perspective on key events, personalities and/or situations. Through the manipulation of various textual forms, structures and language composers persuade their audience to adopt their perspective. Composers often decide to present conflicting perspectives to truly engage their audience.By demonstrating the concept of conflicting perspectives the composer is able to glorify their perspective in contrast to another to enforce their agenda, they position the audience through language to side with them. The tight narrative â€Å"Julius Caesar† by William Shakespeare’s utilises the final days of Caesar’s rule and assassination as the catalyst for exploring the nature of political power, conveying conflicting perspectives on imperial and republican rule.Shakespeare’s context shaped the meaning of this play as he expl oits people’s fears at the time to connect with the audience. In contrast, Miranda Devine’s political article â€Å"Felled by an Invidious Green Plot† 19/8/10 (SMH) tells the â€Å"chilling story† about how â€Å"green activists† used political maneuvers to build the support of the public to tear down the timber company ‘Gunns’ and devastate the life of Chief Executive John Gay and the Tasmanian economy.She uses various textual techniques and includes a provocative cartoon at the top, as well as quotes from those supporting her views to convince the reader of her perspective. Devine, known for her conservative view on political and social issues, is deliberately bias against the Greens as she has gained vas wealth through exploiting the countries natural resources such as deforestation. By demonstrating the concept of conflicting perspectives both composers are able to shape meaning to convey their purpose through the choice of textual forms, structures and language.The concept of conflicting perspectives presents the audience choice and involves them in the depiction of the message of the text and the composer’s agenda. In Shakespeare’s renowned play Julius Caesar the concept of political power in ancient Rome, and how political tactics are often used to manipulate the public is explored. The concept of conflicting perspectives is created in the play by the characterisation of Brutus and Marc Antony. Their perspective of Caesar and whether he should rule directly clash, one rguing the side of imperial rule and the other republican rule and hence provide the central conflict throughout the play. At the time the play was composed, this concept was a real threat as the Roman Empire sought new rule following the recent death of the Queen, allowing Shakespeare to toy with the emotions of his audience. With an engaged audience and the manipulation of structures, language and textual forms Shakespeare is able to shape the meaning of the play.The construction of their speeches after Caesar’s death, arguing both personal and public reasons for their views, demonstrates their individual perspective and their attempts to convince their audience of their view. Brutus, â€Å"having to show the reason of our Caesar's death†, argues from a political perspective, believing imperial rule is the best model. His opening lines â€Å"Romans, Countrymen, and Lovers, hear me for my cause† uses inclusive language to immediately build rapport.He agrees that Caesar was an honourable man â€Å"Brutus' love to Caesar was no less than his†, yet his perspective and justification for assassinating him, is ultimately determined by his love for Rome, demonstrated through use of syntactical balance â€Å"Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more†, and is demonstrated through use of rhetorical questions â€Å"Had you rather Caesar were living and die all slave s, than that Caesar were dead, to live all free men? † which invites the audience to side with his opinion.Through Shakespeare’s use of patriotism in Brutus’ political speech, he is able to persuade not only the Plebeians but also the audience, demonstrating how language techniques are able to reinforce a particular perspective to shape meaning in a text. Putting Brutus’s speech first is a structural technique by Shakespeare to allow for rebuttal. Conflicting perspectives through the manipulation of language, textual forms and structure allows the composer to present two perspectives and give the audience choice in their depiction of the message of the play.The choice is ultimately determined by the context of the reader, which largely affects their interpretation of the text as they may have diverse experiences causing their depiction of the text to be altered. Marc Antony provides the conflict to Brutus’ speech, demonstrated through his passionate and melodramatic funeral oration, which provides a conflicting perspective on Caesar and the nature of his assassination. Antony walks on stage holdingCaesars dead body, a dramatic device used by Shakespeare to heighten the effect of the speech. He scolds Brutus and the other senators, mocking, through use of sarcasm and repetition of their â€Å"honour† â€Å"For Brutus is an honourable man†. Antony's key tools at the beginning of his speech are his conspicuous ambiguity regarding Caesar and Brutus â€Å"Yet Brutus says he was ambitious†, and use of rhetorical questions â€Å"Did this in Caesar seem ambitious? He challenges Brutus’ perspective that Caesar was too ambitious â€Å"I thrice presented him a kingly crown, which he did thrice refuse†, expressing his perspective that Caesar was unjustly assassinated, and through his emotive language â€Å"it was a grievous fault†, is able to convince the plebeians that Caesar was an honourable l eader â€Å"Methinks there is much reason in his sayings†. The deliberate structure of the play with, with Brutus’ speech being first, slightly glorifies imperial rule and gives the audience the impression that Shakespeare believes that imperialism is the best political model.The reaction of the crowd to both speeches indicates how political power can shift opinions of people through the power of language. Firstly Brutus has full support of the crowd â€Å"let him be Caesar†, but Antony’s speech convinces them of a different perspective â€Å"We’ll burn the house of Brutus†. Hence, through the use of juxtaposed dramatic speeches and language techniques, Shakespeare shapes the meaning of the play, engaging the audience, involving them in the process of deciding whether republicanism or imperialism is the ultimate model for the Roman Empire.The concept of conflicting perspectives can be a great tool to give the reader choice in the depiction o f the text, however, this concept can also be utilised as a way to glorify one perspective in contrast to another. In the news article â€Å"Felled by an Invidious Green Plot† , Devine is similarly making a statement about the nature of political power, however, through use of an emotive tone, she presents a far more confronting and persuasive argument.Devine effectively manipulates the medium of the article, enabling her to provide a conflicting perspective to the Greens principles as portrayed in the media, while simultaneously not allowing a conflicting perspective to oppose her view. Devine’s argument is very political and one sided, and this is demonstrated very clearly through emotive language â€Å"fought a relentless campaign to†¦ destroy Gay† and rhetorical questions â€Å"Who is actually going to believe that environmental management is going to be better in Indonesia or Malaysia? †.This, through the concept of conflicting perspectives, for ces the reader to undertake her opinion, making the purpose of the article to accept a perspective rather than giving the reader choice. She selects information and statistics to support her view, â€Å"He†¦transformed Gunns into a top 50 company with a market capitalisation of $900 million by 2003† and, similarly to Antony and Brutus speeches, uses emotive language to manipulate the readers to agree with her perspective â€Å"(John Gay) became a hero of the working class people of Tasmania†.As she is writing a newspaper article, it could be argued that she should provide a balanced perspective, however through portraying a positive image of John Gay, she offers the perspective that the Greens victimized him for their political gain, and Devine is able to shape her agenda in the text and through conflicting perspectives, purposely glorifying her perspective to embed her message of the article in the reader.Similar to Antony and Brutus, Miranda Devine has a clear p olitical perspective, which is made clear to the reader through her closing paragraph â€Å"those†¦people planning to vote for the Greens on Saturday had better understand exactly what they are voting for†¦moving backwards into the dark ages†.The use of hyperbole to finish an obvious political statement reflects how the article only portrays her perspective, rather than balancing conflicting perspectives, in to convince her readers to undertake her perspective, shaping meaning through deliberate glorification. Through the exploration of textual forms, structures and language both composers, using the concept of conflicting perspectives, shape the meaning of their text.

Representing Dreams and Hopes: Cinderella and the Disney Fantasy

The abstract sums up your paper’s purpose and content in 120 words or less. It includes important information such as the thesis and main ideas. Abbreviations and unique terms should also be defined. It should be in your own words and as brief as possible. >> Representing Dreams and Hopes: Cinderella and the Disney Fantasy Animation is a succession of images, sounds, and emotions in which Walt Disney has presented his miracle ideas by a number of animated cartoons and artworks for over 75 years.Apart from being products of science and technology, Disney’s animated features also have an entertainment value, which promise elements of hope, joy, and sorrow. In the video,Once Upon a Dream the Making of Sleeping Beauty, Walt Disney says: It is always a challenge for bringing a great story classic to the screen and giving visual form to the characters and the places that only existed in the imagination. But it is the kind of challenge that we enjoy. Disney’s programs t ake their audiences out of the world of reality to give a peek into the most fantastic world of fantasy, touching and encouraging audiences at the same time.In animated film history, the most popular example being Cinderella created in 1950. Since the early 19th century, its songs and narrative are a legend of the history of animation.. Cinderella (1950) is an incredible, classical masterpiece of animation history, a tribute to the Disney tradition of the animation production. It has successfully influenced cartoon culture and audiences over the years. Cinderella (1950) is an incredible, amazing, famous and classical American animated feature produced by Walt Disney and his studio. Since Mickey, Donald Duck, and Snow White Disney studios have dominated the American animation industry.Post World War II, this studio was in great financial difficulty. John Culhance, an author and film historian, mentions debts of USD $4 million after the WWII period. Ohmer, in That Rags to Riches Stuff : Disney’s Cinderella and the Cultural Space of Animation, presents that during the story conferences of Cinderella in May 1947, Walter Lantz, president of the Cartoon Producers Association, announced that animated film production would be cut more than 45% during the following year. Disney faced a number of obstacles, both external and internal and ranging from economic to sociological.Under these circumstances, producing a full-length feature seemed difficult given the time required to produce an animation film, which is usually about three to four years. Although it took risks of producing Cinderella, Walt Disney was persistent in fighting for his dream. It motivated him to make a full-length and full-colored animation movie despite his studio being in financial difficulty. In Cinderella, with a running time of 72 minutes, Disney used USD $2. 9 million for creating an attractive and dramatic content. Cinderella is based on the fairy tale â€Å"Cendrillon† by Charles Perrault.Right from her sparkling ball gown and glass slippers to the Fairy Godmother, the mice, and Cinderella herself are etched in people’s minds. Apart from Perrault’s version, Disney added some extra details to the screen version. For example, when the two ugly sisters damage Cinderella’s ball gown, she looks kinder and lovelier. It successfully brings out the individual trait of each character. This 1950 classic fairytale helped Disney and his team save the entire cartoon business and helped create a legend. The film was a huge success at the box office, which allowed Disney to carry on the animation empire.Cinderella has re-released at least six times in different generations. From the format of VHS video to the latest platinum DVD edition, it helps Walt Disney earn huge success and also make millions and millions of profits. Although there were limitations while producing Cinderella (1950), Disney used two critical strategies to save money and control t he cost of production. These strategies defined the work process for creating animation feature films. To begin with, they hired outside consultants to conduct the market research. The research of product manufacturing was established through advertising and production conference.Disney also used a previews section to understand audiences’ reactions. This helped to focus on audiences’ likes and dislikes. They wanted to make sure that everyone would love to see Cinderella. Joel Siegel, a film critic, also praised Cinderella stating that the story presented the faith of â€Å"American Dreams† and â€Å"Hollywood Dreams†. To illustrate, Cinderella imagines herself as the girl, who is chosen by the Prince and dresses up beautifully. People were attracted to this story, primarily because it transformed people’s dreams onto the screen.Disney and his team transformed the dream into motion picture on the screen. This is also the major reason why this story is still fresh in the audiences’ minds and still very popular amongst generations for 60 years now. The second strategy that Walt and his animators used was a live action model for reference to shorten the development processes of Cinderella. Helene Stanley was the action model used, while Ilene Woods was the voice artiste. Both contributed greatly in creating this motion feature film. The live action models helped Disney transform the magical moments of the scene into meticulous details.The animators paid careful attention to human movements; so that they could make the characters alive on screen. Before the final artworks were made, live action footage was used to create the plots, time the sequences of action, track both facial and physical movements of the characters, and test their cohesiveness. Actors and actress wore full consumes with makeup, in which they acted out of the screen on stage with background setting. Cinderella provided a link between Disney’s pre sent and its past, and shaped the legacy of animation production.After using live actors for motion reference to produce Snow White and the Seven Dwarf (1937) and the hugely successful Cinderella (1950); Disney truly thought that using live action model reference could allow the animators’ ability to improve the picture to be more realistic. They could take photos frame by frame such that some key poses could be pulled out directly as a basis for drawing the flipbooks. Shooting the film in live action also minimized the changes in the drawings and helped speed up production. The production of Cinderella thus proved how important and valuable it was to use live action models for reference.Since then, 90% of the hand drawn animations were created based on live action models. This production strategy is still being used for more recent animation films, such as The Little Mermaid (1989) and Hercules (1997). The Little Mermaid (Platinum Edition) The Making: Live Action Reference ( Clip), shows that Broadway actress Jodi Benson was chosen to play the voice of Ariel; while Sheri Lynn Stoner, a former member of Los Angeles’ Groundings improvisation comedy group, was chosen to be the live action reference model of Ariel.Glen Keane, the co-supervising animator of Ariel, indicated that he understood the importance of studying frame by frame of footage in drawings. Since the animators wanted to balance the coherence of the sound and motion, live action models did help create detailed and realistic drawings. The Making of Hercules, 1997 video showcases Disney’s traditional production strategy, even though modern animation uses a combination of technology and art works. The production of Hercules (1997) combines traditional animation techniques with the latest computer-generated imagery CGI to add graphics and 3D effects into the film.Roger Gould, the CGI supervisor, mentioned that the computer could only help in creating more than what they could do bef ore. However, all the preparation and production processes still remain very traditional. Once the story structure is completed and presented using a storyboard, voice artistes record voices of the characters by adding other details to the animation. Nik Ranieri indicated that he wanted the voices and the animations to be combined nicely; therefore, the voice artistes’ performances were very important to create detail body movements and facial expressions of the character.Andreas Deja, the supervising animator of Hercules, combined Tate Donovan’s energy and naive quality into the characteristics of Hercules. Besides, different voice actors also acted out with body movements and facial expressions. For example, Danny DeVito (the voice artiste of the Philoctetes), changes his facial expressions while talking in different tones. The animator videotaped Vito’s recording process and used these expressions while animating Philoctetes. James Woods (the voice artiste of Hades), used his body movement and sneer as the basis for Hades’ gestures.These elements are very powerful and increase the ability of storytelling. By comparing the production processes of Cinderella (1950), The Little Mermaid (1989), and Hercules (1997) Disney and his team strived to animate magical moments into realistic motion pictures. They created many unforgettable scenes, such as Cinderella imagining herself as the girl chosen by the Prince and dressing up beautifully; the Little Mermaid becoming human to look for her true love and dreams; and Hercules sacrificing himself to save his lover and finally becoming a real hero.There is no doubt the huge success of Cinderella (1950) created a defined the production legacy by building up a traditional system for creating animation feature films. Disney and his studio not only aim on creating entertainment, but also present the meaningful thesis of â€Å"Dreams can come true if you have the courage to pursuit them. † By comparing the latest princess story of Cinderella (1950) and The Princess and The Frog (2009), we can certainly pinpoint that Cinderella influences the cartoon culture of Disney stories.Typically, Disney stories present royal romance including love, faith, and dreams. Moreover, they highlight the importance of the Fairy Godmother, the narrative power of the songs, and animal helpers. Cinderella (1950) is really a successful story, which can attract everyone in different generation, because all people have the imagination and dreams. Most girls can identify with the Cinderella story and would like to be pretty like her and be chosen by their Prince who will help them put on the glass slippers.Many boys also want to find their true love just like the Prince found Cinderella. The lyrics of â€Å"A Dream is A Wish Your Heart Makes,† encourages people in different generations. â€Å"No matter how you heart is grieving, if you keep on believing, the dream that you wish will com e true. † Cinderella is transformation by Fairy Godmother with the beautiful ball gown, is one of the scenes liked by Disney the most. Thus, Cinderella not only explores the audiences’ imagination, but also makes everyone’s dreams come live on the screen.

One of the Most Memorable Moment in the Life

My sister wedding is one of the most memorable moment in my life.I was told that my sister will Married with her husband next week. This lead me to think about my Childhood memory. My elder Sister is eight years older than me. She is pretty and kind to everyone.My sister herself always take care family.She have high sense of responsibility.she knew household expenses was fell on the farther shoulder,therefore,She did part time job in order to reduce farther financial burden.She even will teach me did the homework And play with me once farther left to work at my younger age.I have mix feeling once I knew the wedding matter.I felt happy because she find her beloved, but also felt down since she will stay at Melaka.Sooner, The wedding dinner held on Janaury 2014.The event's atmosphere is full of happiness and touching.All attendants bless the newlywed will live Healthy And Love forever. The most memorable moment in my lifeMy sister wedding is one of the most memorable moment in my life. I was told that my sister will Married with her husband next week. This lead me to think about my Childhood memory. My elder Sister is eight years older than me. She is pretty and kind to everyone.My sister herself always take care family.She have high sense of responsibility.she knew household expenses was fell on the farther shoulder,therefore,She did part time job in order to reduce farther financial burden.She even will teach me did the homework And play with me once farther left to work at my younger age.I have mix feeling once I knew the wedding matter.I felt happy because she find her beloved, but also felt down since she will stay at Melaka.Sooner, The wedding dinner held on Janaury 2014.The event's atmosphere is full of happiness and touching.All attendants bless the newlywed will live Healthy And Love forever.

Government Bailouts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Government Bailouts - Essay Example If the government does not intervene and does not provide financial assistance to the financially unstable large corporations, unemployment and other related problems would further aggravate an economy. Already, the economy of United States of America is facing very severe and harsh waves of financial crisis, which showed their presence in the year of 2007 and they continued till the end of 2009. History of bailouts The finance history has sufficient record about the events of government bailouts. In the year of 1979, Chrysler had lost $ 1.1 billion. At that time, it was feared that this could negatively hit the entire US automotive industry. In order to avoid the subsequent impacts of this loss of Chrysler, the Feds had no option except to intervene and save the corporation. Instantly, in the year of 1980, the Chrysler Loan Guarantee Act was discussed, approved and passed. In this Act, Chrysler was given a loan of $1.5 billion by the federal government (Gup, 4). Furthermore, in the year of 1989, savings and loan institutions became financially crippled. The failure of these savings and loan institutions was considerably spreading almost all companies working in this industry. At that time, then President George H.W. Bush and his Government were required to devise and determine a bailout plan to address and stop falling this entire industry. Consequently, The President Bush and Congress passed a bill and made it as the Financial Institutions Reforms, Recovery, and Enforcement Act in the year of 1989 (Rehm). But, this government bailout was only limited to save the savings and loan institutions. In the year of 2001, United States of America was attacked with some deadly terrorist attacks on many cities. In which, the terrorists used aeroplanes to carry out the attacks on the land of America. Due to the use of aeroplanes, the entire airline industry became a subject of economic and financial crisis. These financial crises became so severe that the Government had no other option except to play the role of saviour. As a result, the then President Bush discussed the issue with the Congress. And this discussion brought a bill and that bill was passed as the Air Transportation Safety and Stabilization Act. This Act mentioned some fundamental steps necessary to rescue the entire airline industry. The Act released $5 billion compensation and an additional amount of $10 billion in loan guarantees (Rehm, Barbara &Mandaro). The year of 2007 and 2008 were worst of all. The onslaught of financial crises was uncontrollable and heavily damaging the economy of America. In October 2008, Congress passed the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act. This Act authorised the Treasury Department to spend the amount of $700 billion for the purpose of handling and tackling the problem of financial crisis of 2008. Government bailouts are not a wish but a necessity on the part of government. The government has no choice but to intervene and play the role of saviour. No government ever wants to use its own funds and money to provide financial assistance or extend a loan to a corporation under normal financial circumstances. Rather, the government ensures that the corporation must and should be financially well-equipped and financially strong enough to meet its expenses and its other financial and non-financial obligations. But, due to a variety of economic and political factors some corporations become unable to continue doing business

Floating point IEEE754 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Floating point IEEE754 - Coursework Example This means that it can â€Å"float†. The point in which the radical point is located is indicated in the internal representation. There are various types of floating representation but the most common one is that of IEEE754. In a real computer, the representation of floating point numbers is through the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers 754 (IEEE – 754) floating point number format. The features of this number format are that it uses 32 bits (single precision), the number y is represented as ?x(1.a1a2†¦..a23).2e, where y represents the number, whether positive or negative, ai is the mantissa entries and can only go up to 23, that is, i=1†¦.23. e is the exponent. There is a need to note the 1 that is given before the decimal (radix) point. This point represents the sign of the number that is being represented. 0 is a representation of a positive number while 1 is a representation of the negative number. The next eight bits forms the exponents. In this representation, there is no separate bit in the representation. The sign of the actual exponent is normally taken care of by adding 127 to actual exponent. An example is if the real number value is 6, then there will be an addition of 127, making it 133, that is 127 + 6. The reason as to why 127 is added is because in eight bit number representation, the maximum number that can be represented is (11111111)2 which is 255. Half of 255 is 127. This means that negative exponents of 127 can be represented and at the same time positive exponents of 127 can be represented. With this representation, the exponent will be represented as -127=128. The computer can also represent the numbers using another method other than the one stated in the paragraph above. In this regard, the computer can use eight bits for the exponent, reserving 1 bit for the sign of the exponent. In this case, the largest bit used for representation would be 127. By biasing the representation of the exponent the i nstances of getting a negative zero is avoided and also a positive zero. The effects of both are the same. The actual range of exponent in IEEE format is not 0 to 255 but 0 to 254. In this case then, the exponent has a range of -126127. In this case, -127 and 128 are used for other purposes. If e=128 and al the values of the mantissa are zeros, then the number is +- ?. The infinity bit is governed by the number before it. If e=128 and all the entries of the mantissa are not zeros, it will mean that the real number that is being represented is not a number (NaN). Because of the number that is at the lead in the floating number representation, the zero value cannot be precisely presented. This is the reason as to why the number zero is represented using -127 and all the entries of the mantissa are zero. The next bits, 23 in number, are used to represent the mantissa (Brewe 73) Representing double-precision numbers (64-bit) In double precision format, real numbers are represented in 64 bits. In this format, the computer uses the 1st bit as a sign bit. The next 11 bits are used to represent the exponent. The rest of the bits, which are 52 are used to represent the mantissa (Brewe 74). The process of converting a decimal number to IEEE754 format will undergo some steps. The first step is to check the sign of the number. If it is negative, then the sign will

Environmental Issues in Dairy Processing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Environmental Issues in Dairy Processing - Essay Example The second important aspect to be considered is the soil inside and around Fonterra Tirau. This is necessary because the materials and processes that are used in the milk processing can be harmful to the environment (soil) if care is not taken in their handling. If leakages or spillages occur, they can foster the micro - organism spread. Nitrogen, which is a major byproduct in the lactalbumin processing can easily leach into underground water and result in contamination of underground water sources. The other concern is that the nature of milk by-products is such that it can hamper oxygen supply in the soil, or disrupt infiltration. These in general would affect soil quality by polluting it, and this would end up even into waterways (Barnett, Robertson& Russell, n.d.).Thirdly, although not much considered is the inconvenience that might be caused by the heavy commercial vehicles, which are constantly moving into or out of Fonterra Tirau. Owing to the fact that they are large, they ha ve the potential to cause much noise and congestion of traffic in the area around Tirau. This is the same case with the heavy plant machinery used. In the light of this, it is the mandate of Fonterra Tirau to ensure that the machinery and trucks accessing the area do not have negative effects to the surrounding (Lundie, Schulz, Peters, & Nebel, 2009).Finally, air quality should be a factor very sensitive, and should be considered as well. Plant processes such as fermenting of lactic casein, bad milk.

Legal Aspects of Business Decisions Unit 2 DB SA first week last Essay

Legal Aspects of Business Decisions Unit 2 DB SA first week last submission - Essay Example This result in big problems where the USA business can run bankrupt and in the end is forced to close down. Another critical challenge that arises is the difference in terms and conditions as set by different countries. The above mention problem could easily be avoided, whereby in any supply that is made to the foreign country, there must be full payment made for the products first. Again every country has their own set military supply policies, most of this policy poses a serious problem to USA military business, where as a result, many conflict arises and also there is delay in payments or no payments at all. Foreign countries have laws in place that favors their own military where by incase of any conflicts, the foreign countries courts can defend their country and America business will have little control over that. Foreign countries understanding of USA military products may different, as a result any slight defect that they foreign countries detect, maybe used against USA business for no reasons. America business can use their own courts to follow up on other foreign countries disputes, but this too faces a challenge due to the time factor incurred and legal procedures that are undertaken for the same, this is seen where American courts lacks legal jurisdiction in foreign countries territories. One best thing that favors American business is the existence of international customs and tribunal which comes in to settle any investment disputes that arises or the also investment disputes being solved by WTO, but this to poses a problem due to the money and time wastage

Marks and Spencers Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Marks and Spencers - Case Study Example For this, using a cultural web on the floor is important. Michael E Porter has paved the way for revolutionary strategising trends and a whole new perspective on competition through his competitive advantage theory. In the corporate world, Porter's first book Competitive Strategy (1980), which he wrote in his thirties, became an international best seller, and is considered to be an authoritative piece of work on corporate strategy. The book, which has been published in nineteen languages and re-printed approaching sixty times, changed the way business leaders' minds worked. Further, it remains a guide of choice for strategic managers on a global scale. Apart from being rich in lessons about why and how industries, regions, and nations succeed or fail, this book is of great value as the first serious attempt to develop a really original grand theory of national economic development processes since the early years of Postwar development economics, and one of the most original ways of thinking about development policy in years. Under the leadership of Rose, the company had seen growth in Food, clothing and other departs by April 2006. Before laying down the formal plan of action, it is necessary to understand the elements that will be involved in the strategy that has been by Rose, from the perspective of the company. This will help us understand the exact application of the theories through the length and breadth of the paper. A major part of Rose's plan of action must include following a strategy based on gaining competitive advantage as well as achieving sustainable entrepreneurial growth. Let us first examine competitive advantage to see how and where it will fit in with the overall growth and expansion of M & S. External Perspective Competitive advantage is the response of afirm to the pressing need to organize and perform discrete activities. While these needs may not be perpetually spelt out, it is the responsibility of the planners and executers of policies to foresee such situations when catering for growth and development of the firm on various levels. The basic explanation for this comes from the fact that any change on an individual level is effected by changes on a national level. Yet, Porter's theory cannot accommodate strategies and competitiveness at such levels due to various constraints. The first of these emerges from the fact that people run businesses and economies - and everyone has his or her own unique style. These cannot be covered at length when talking which factors and resources will be utilized in which combination. Thus Porter's theory does not provide an accurate account of the diversity and dynamism in the corporate and commercial environment that businesses and firms thrive in. Secondly, there are various activities to take into consideration in the case of M&S. The activities performed when competing in a particular industry can be grouped into

Misconception about Being Muslim Means I Am a Terrorist Essay

Misconception about Being Muslim Means I Am a Terrorist - Essay Example Even if I am a Muslim, I am still worthy of becoming a normal person who does righteous deeds in the society and who disapproves of war as a solution to global conflicts. In social events or gatherings, I often hear people saying that "they are family of Muslims, maybe they are terrorists." In those moments, silence wraps my whole body. I felt that strange feeling of being different from all the others. Still, that statement did not cause me to feel anger nor did it trigger any violent reaction, emotions that others usually associate with my religion. In contrary to the misconception that I am a terrorist, my own background, as well as that of my family, will prove that I am not a terrorist. I am able to study without the school management questioning my credibility because I have done nothing that will lead them to suspect that I am a terrorist. I am living an ordinary life, and I have never been involved nor do I plan to engage myself in any illegal activity that will ruin my reput ation. Terrorists kill without notice; they take away priceless possessions not minding if people will get hurt, which is an indication that they do not have conscience. All people have conscience, and as human beings, Muslims also have conscience similar with the Catholics and the other religions in this world. However, people who have become terrorists may have experienced unpleasant events in their lives that caused them to no longer feel this emotion. Therefore, it is unfair to generalize that all Muslims are terrorists. Yes, I am a Muslim, and I do admit that I am capable of making mistakes, but those mistakes are the ordinary ones that do not affect the whole society. It can be those wrong decisions that I make, small decisions that only affect me and my family but not the whole world. There are good Muslim people who are not capable of hurting others for the reason that they have conscience, and I am one of those. On the other hand, there are also bad ones who hurt others and cause trouble in the society maybe because they have followed the wrong way and were influenced by certain things, persons, or life experiences. Hence, Muslims who have become terrorists are not authentic members of the Islamic church. These terrorists are creating their own laws, laws that are not found in any page of the holy book of Qu'ran. The great devotion of the Muslims to Allah is a manifestation of their unconditional faith to the doctrines of Islam, which do not include terrorism. Most people say that all terrorists are Muslims; fundamentally, it is partly true because they grew up listening to the teachings of Islam. However, the moment they decided to engage themselves in acts that cause harm or death, they have rejected the essence of this religion, in other words, terrorists are not genuine Muslims. They may be Muslims by name, but they are not Muslims by heart. In the first place, if these terrorists are concerned with their fellow Muslims, they could not have propag ated those wars, or spearheaded the terrorists’ attacks that killed the lives of the innocent Muslim people. Everyone is entitled to say their own opinion, but it gets hurtful when they easily judge not only me but also my fellow Muslim brothers and sisters as terrorists. I can say that I am Muslim by blood and spirituality, but I am not a terrorist. I condemn those acts same with other people because I believe that terrorism is making all

Reading Summary of Eric Abrahamson and Gregory Fairchilds Management Fashion Essay Example for Free

Reading Summary of Eric Abrahamson and Gregory Fairchilds Management Fashion Essay Thesis While most fads in management technique are short-lived some techniques become institutionalized and evolve and are reshaped to fits current fashions. Exogenous and endogenous forces shape the demand for management- knowledge entrepreneurs to constantly reshape and redefine rational management processes. Evidence Abrahamson and Fairchilds study yielded findings that help contextualize the concept of management fashion. Lifecycles of a management techniques typically follow a short-lived, bell-shaped, symmetric popularity curve. Positive feedback on management techniques increases the discourse promoting that technique, making it more diffuse across organizations. Exogenous forces facilitate or suppress fashion niches and endogenous maintain niches. Superstitious learning suggests that managers seek to find instant-results and cure-all solutions for their management approach, motivated by emotion rather than detailed studies. Whereas real-learning constitutes careful planning and evaluation of ideas to produce an effective management technique. Limitations Abrahamson and Fairchild articulate the negative aspects of constant transience -temporal instability and cross-sectional diversity- but fail to indicate the effects these management fashions have on the institutions in which they are implemented. Do shifting management techniques stunt institution growth, do changing techniques disrupt the markets for the products of these institutions? Questions (1) What causes certain management practices to become institutionalized while others are only passing fads? (2) Are the results of superstitious-learning or real-learning more likely to be adopted? Which is more effective?

Core Product and Supplementary Services

Core Product and Supplementary Services Core Product and Supplementary Services A service consists with two product element to perform it function. The two product elements are core product and supplementary services. Core product is the core set of benefits and solutions delivered to customer while the supplementary services are service-related activities that surround the core product. Other than that, Supplementary services classified with facilitating and enhancing services into eight factors. Facilitating services are included information, order taking, billing and payment yet the enhancing services contain with consultation, hospitality, safekeeping, and exceptions. The core product provide by First World Hotel (Genting) to consumers is accommodation. The hotel was designated to contribute the supreme comfort and luxury for the customers with the help of variety types of Room Facilities. They had located 32 counters at lobby to let customers do the check in process for the 6118 rooms available. First World Hotel had supply six room types for consumers to choose. There are Standard rooms, Deluxe rooms, Deluxe triple rooms, Superior deluxe rooms, and World Club rooms. To assist the customer, hotel also provide no smoking rooms and special rooms for the people who deficient. Each of these types of rooms is designed to offer comfort and pleasure to the customers. The hotel was build with convenient location, variety of types of facilities and warm hospitality. In the hotel rooms, service provider had provide the basic infrastructure to roomer like in room safe deposit box, mini refrigerator, air conditioning, hairdryer, television, in house movie channels, tea and coffee facilities, direct dial telephone, radio, shower, mini bar, and others. Besides that, the roomer can get an attentive room service for all 24 hours, absolute privacy and total getaway experience. They emphasis every detail in accommodation to make sure roomers had memorable experience and enjoy with the First World Hotel. First World Hotel also provides supplementary services for the customers who stay in their hotel. The supplementary services are categorized by facilitating services and enhancing services. The facilitating services are included: Information Information provide by hotel let customer obtain full value form of any service and relevant information. First World Hotel delivery more information about the services provide for visitor to attract more customers. The information provided by them can be payment for an overnight stay in different class of room, warning and reminders to using hotel facilities, operation time of dining and so on. Customers can get the information from many sources like phone call, customer’s service centre website, flyer, newspaper, social apps and more. For example, customer can get the location, price of the rooms, promotion packages from www.genting.com. Order taking Once customer ready to order First World Hotel services, they will move to the process of order taking. It can be on website, by mail, telephone and e-mail. Customer hotline of First World Hotel is +66-38-364-700, this hotline exists for help the customers to make a reservation of room whether it is a standard room or other room types. While for the booking at internet, customers can make booking at the website like www.booking.com/Hotels, www.genting.com.mym and others. Billing Customer can easily get all price information since First World Hotel provided their price of different rooms through website, flyer, counter, customer’s service centre and hotline. At their hotel lobby, 32 counters are waiting customers to check in or make payment so customers no need to waste their time for waiting. Other example is customers can log in to the website like www.genting.com.my to see the price of the rooms and do the online booking at same time. Payment Customers expect to be easy and convenient when make payment. There are variety of options exist to facilitate customer bill-paying provided by First World Hotel like credit card (master card or visa card), e-banking, at the counter, tokens or world card into machines. Another category of the supplementary services and last part in product element is enhancing services that contain with the following four factors: Consultation Consultation involves a dialog to probe customers’ requirements and then develop a solution that is suited to the needs of the customers. For example, First World Hotel provide medical consultation for people who got any illness and gym consultant give customers advices on how to use the gym equipments. Hospitality The quality of hospitality services offered by a firm can increase or decrease satisfaction with the core product so First World Hotel ensure their staff treat every customer as guest. They provided quality meals and room services for each customer. First World Hotel offers myriad Hotel Amenities and Services in Genting Highlands to suit the taste and purpose of the different customers and this factor attract many visitors from all over the world. Furthermore, restaurants over there offer a lot of dining such as Mediterranean food, sea food, Hainan food, western dishes, hawker style noodles, refreshing coffee and the places for relax tired like Starworld Cafà ©. The hotel offers enough spaces to conduct corporate meetings and conference that equipped with modern amenities and services. The hotel also feature business center for smooth of the business, banquet facilities with international standard, gymnasium, and other recreational facilities include tennis court, golf course, shopping arcade, casino and many others. Other Hotel Amenties and Services at hotel are car parking facilities, reception, currency exchange, laundry and many more. Safekeeping Customer can fully enjoy the service provided without worry about their things at First World Hotel because they provide variety of safekeeping services. For example: caring for possessions customer bring with them, child care, security personnel, caring for good purchased(or rented) and others. Exception This is something that outside from the normal services delivery. There are four types of exception provided by First World Hotel: Special requests in advance of service delivery – Hotel provide children’s needs and disability needs to customer. For example, toilet for disability people. Handling special communications Hotel overcoming complaint by the customers at counters and give customer suggestion. For example, customer complaint the room was unclean and untidy. Problem solving – Hotel help customer resolving difficulties cause by accidents or service failure. For example, if customer injured in hotel, help them to have medical treat. Restitution – refunds and compensation for the dissatisfaction customer using the services. For example, compensate for the customer who injured at theme park. Core Product and Supplementary Services A service consists with two product element to perform it function. The two product elements are core product and supplementary services. Core product is the core set of benefits and solutions delivered to customer while the supplementary services are service-related activities that surround the core product. Other than that, Supplementary services classified with facilitating and enhancing services into eight factors. Facilitating services are included information, order taking, billing and payment yet the enhancing services contain with consultation, hospitality, safekeeping, and exceptions. The core product provide by First World Hotel (Genting) to consumers is accommodation. The hotel was designated to contribute the supreme comfort and luxury for the customers with the help of variety types of Room Facilities. They had located 32 counters at lobby to let customers do the check in process for the 6118 rooms available. First World Hotel had supply six room types for consumers to choose. There are Standard rooms, Deluxe rooms, Deluxe triple rooms, Superior deluxe rooms, and World Club rooms. To facilitate the customer, hotel also offers no smoking rooms and special rooms for the people who deficient. Each of these types of rooms is designed to offer comfort and pleasure to the customers. The hotel was build with convenient location, variety of types of facilities and warm hospitality. In the hotel rooms, service provider had provide the basic infrastructure to roomer like air conditioning, hairdryer, television, in house movie channels, in room safe deposit box, mini refrigerator, tea and coffee facilities, direct dial telephone, radio, shower, mini bar, and others. Besides that, the roomer can get an attentive room service for all 24 hours, absolute privacy and total getaway experience. They emphasis every detail in accommodation to make sure roomers had memorable experience and enjoy with the First World Hotel. First World Hotel also provides supplementary services for the customers who stay in their hotel. The supplementary services are categorized by facilitating services and enhancing services. The facilitating services are included: Information Information provide by hotel let customer obtain full value form of any service and relevant information. First World Hotel delivery more information about the services provided for attract more customers. The information provided by them can be payment for an overnight stay in different class of room, warning and reminders to using hotel facilities, operation time of dining and so on. Customers can get the information from many sources like website, flyer, newspaper, telephone, customer’s service centre and more. For example, customer can get the location, price of the rooms, promotion packages from www.genting.com. Order taking Once customer ready to order First World Hotel services, they will move to the process of order taking. It can be on website, by mail, telephone and e-mail. Customer hotline of First World Hotel is +66-38-364-700, this hotline exists for help the customers to make a reservation of room whether it is a standard room or other room types. While for the booking at internet, customers can make booking at the website like www.booking.com/Hotels, www.genting.com.mym and others. Billing Customer can easily get all price information since First World Hotel provided their price of different rooms through website, flyer, counter, customer’s service centre and hotline. At their hotel lobby, 32 counters are waiting customers to check in or make payment so customers no need to waste their time for waiting. Other example is customers can log in to the website like www.genting.com.my to see the price of the rooms and do the online booking at same time. Payment Customers expect to be easy and convenient when make payment. There are variety of options exist to facilitate customer bill-paying provided by First World Hotel like credit card (master card or visa card), e-banking, at the counter, tokens or world card into machines. Another category of the supplementary services and last part in product element is enhancing services that contain with the following four factors: Consultation Consultation involves a dialog to probe customers’ requirements and then develop a solution that is suited to the needs of the customers. For example, First World Hotel provide medical consultation for people who got any illness and gym consultant give customers advices on how to use the gym equipments. Hospitality The quality of hospitality services offered by a firm can increase or decrease satisfaction with the core product so First World Hotel ensure their staff treat every customer as guest. They provided quality meals and room services for each customer. First World Hotel offers myriad Hotel Amenities and Services in Genting Highlands to suit the taste and purpose of the different customers and this factor attract many visitors from all over the world. Furthermore, restaurants over there offer a lot of dining such as Mediterranean food, sea food, Hainan food, western dishes, hawker style noodles, refreshing coffee and the places for relax tired like Starworld Cafà ©. The hotel offers enough spaces to conduct corporate meetings and conference that equipped with modern amenities and services. The hotel also feature business center for smooth of the business, banquet facilities with international standard, gymnasium, and other recreational facilities include tennis court, golf course, shopping arcade, casino and many others. Other Hotel Amenties and Services at hotel are car parking facilities, reception, currency exchange, laundry and many more. Safekeeping Customer can fully enjoy the service provided without worry about their things at First World Hotel because they provide variety of safekeeping services. For example: caring for possessions customer bring with them, child care, security personnel, caring for good purchased(or rented) and others. Exception This is something that outside from the normal services delivery. There are four types of exception provided by First World Hotel: Special requests in advance of service delivery – Hotel provide children’s needs and disability needs to customer. For example, toilet for disability people. Handling special communications Hotel overcoming complaint by the customers at counters and give customer suggestion. For example, customer complaint the room was unclean and untidy. Problem solving – Hotel help customer resolving difficulties cause by accidents or service failure. For example, if customer injured in hotel, help them to have medical treat. Restitution – refunds and compensation for the dissatisfaction customer using the services. For example, compensate for the customer who injured at theme park.

The Princess Bride -x :: essays research papers

Journal of William Goldman's The Princess Bride   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The princess bride is an incredibly entertaining book. Although it was written mostly as a parody it contains many themes. The developments seen in the dynamic characters are astounding ones. The theme, or motif, which I'm going to follow through the story is that of Fezzik and his quest for self confidence and a good self image. From the time that the novel starts to the end, Fezzik achieves a good self image. He starts out with a very low self image and, by the end, he finds in himself talents that give him a better image of himself.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To begin with, Vizzini never allows Fezzik to provide an sort of input or to think in any way. When Fezzik, inigo and Vizzini first kidnap buttercup, Fezzik attempts to offer some good ideas, but Vizzini will have none of it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ''I think we should kill her now';, the Turk said.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  'The less you think, the happier I'll be,'; The Scilian answered';. (Page 83) And later on the same page:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  '…the Turk mumbled. 'people are always thinking that I'm so stupid because I'm big and strong and sometimes drool a little when I get excited.';';   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ''The reason people think you're so stupid,'; the Scilian said, 'is because you are so stupid. It has nothing to do with your drooling.';'; Vizzini manages, with his constant verbal attacks on Fezzik to destroy any shred of confidence that Fezzik may have had before. Vizzini's ego is getting in the way of Fezzik.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  From a very young age Fezzik was taunted by his school mates. 'At first, naturally, they were scared to death (even then Fezzik looked fierce) but once they found out he was chicken, well, they weren't about to let an opportunity like that get away…it would go on like that until Fezzik would burst into tears and run away.'; People never gave Fezzik any sort of chance. He has always been considered a fool out loud. Luckily he had his rhymes to comfort him. When Vizzini dies, although it leaves Fezzik in a lot of despair, it is probably the best thing for him. The stopping of Vizzini's verbal attacks allow to build his confidence. I think that the first big confidence building experience for Fezzik is when Inigo begs him for help. From page 224: '…Fly, Fezzik; this is Inigo begging you-- make a path—please!'; Well, Fezzik had rarely had anyone beg him for anything, least of all Inigo,';

Manatee :: essays research papers

Manatee   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The manatee popularly called the sea cow is any of the species of large water animals in the genus Trichechus. There are three species of manatee with T. inunguis found in the Amazon and Orinoco river systems; T. manatus is found in central Florida and along the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean coasts; and T. senegalenis found in the rivers of tropical West Africa. A manatee is a slow moving, seal shaped mammal that lives in shallow coastal waters where rich plant grows. It usually is at home in salt or fresh water but rarely straying far from home.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A manatee is grayish-black stout thick skinned animals and almost hairless. Its corpulent body tapers to a horizontally flattened, round tail. The fore limbs are set close to it’s head and are used to push algae, such as seaweed and other water plants toward their mouths. They have a small head, with a straight snout and cleft upper lip with bristly hairs. Adults can grow up to 15ft (4.6 meters) but they usually only grow to about 10 feet. They weigh an average of 1300 pounds.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Manatees live in small family groups sometimes up to herds of 15-20. After a gestation of up to 6 months, usually a single pinkish calf is born. Manatees ferquently communicate by muzzle to muzzle contact and when alarmed they emit chripy squeaks.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The number of manatees has been reduced over the past several years due to heavy hunting for their hides, meat, and blubber oil. Some governments, including the United States, have placed the manatees under the endangered species list. One practical reason for this is that they have proved useful in clearin girrigation and transport channels clogged with aquatic plant life.

the red badge of courage :: essays research papers

A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Red Badge of Courage written by Stephen Crane B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This novel traces the effects of war on a Union Soldier named Henry Fleming. C.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The story begins with Henry Fleming’s dreams of being a soldier, to enlistment, and then to battle in the Civil War. His dream was to be a war hero and to be adored for his amazing achievements. It was his decision to make, even though his mother was against the idea of going to war. Since there was nothing happening during his monotonous life on the farm, he finally decided to enlist.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ironically, even after he enlists, he finds himself sitting around. He made two new friends named John Wilson and Jim Conklin. Wilson was as excited about going to war as Fleming, but Conklin was confident about the success of the new regiment. Henry began to realize that his regiment was just wandering aimlessly. Eventually, Henry began to think about the battles differently. He started to become afraid that he might run from the fight.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Finally when the regiment discovers a battle, Jim gives Henry a packet in a yellow envelope, telling Henry that this will be his first and last battle. The regiment managed to hold off the rebels for the first charge, but then the rebels came back with the reinforcements driving back the regiment. One man attempted to flee, then another, and the situation soon began to snow ball. Henry became scared and confused when he saw his forces losing horribly. He finally got up and ran for cover.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Henry started to rationalize his behavior of running from the enemy. His first impression was that he was a coward. Later, he began to see how he saved his own life. He felt that nature did not want him to die even though his side was losing. He believed that he was intelligent for running and hopes that he will die in battle, just for spite. Henry then met up with Jim who watched their acquaintance die slowly. In the next charge, Henry starts asking the soldiers why they are running. He grabbed a fellow by the arm and asked him, not willing to let go. The man hit Henry over the head with the butt of his gun, giving him his first Red Badge of Courage. Henry stumbles around for a while until a cheery man comes up and helps him. At his regiment he confronts Wilson to ask him if he needs any help with his wound. He then gets back into battle.

Life of Pi Essay Essay

Many people that are religious look to God for guidance and comfort. Especially in disastrous situations. In Yann Martel’s novel, Life of Pi, the theme of will to survive is presented and demonstrated as having faith, letting animal instincts take over, and determination. Pi keeping his faith shows how strong his faith in God is. He discusses some Hindu symbolism to describe how insignificant he feels, then â€Å"mumbled words of Muslim prayer and went back to sleep†(177). Praying is a sign of hope for Pi. Pi is hoping to live through the night and he is trusting God to keep him safe. Instead of being terrified, he trusts God enough that he is able to be comforted in a very vulnerable state. Describing religious rituals he practices, he says that â€Å"Faith in God is an opening up, a letting go, a deep trust, a free act of love-but sometimes it was so hard to love†(208). In Pi’s situation it is only natural to question God and fear that no one is watching out for him. If he loses his belief then there is nothing holding him back from just giving up and dying. Pi is afraid of dying; even though he throws away a lifetime of vegetarianism, it does not mean that he will throw away a lifetime of faith in God. But after this, he says that his faith always remained â€Å"a shining point of light in my heart†(209). Even when he is contemplating the existence of God and his faith, he is determined to not lose faith and keep moving forward. His faith is what is keeping his confidence intact and not be filled with despair. The instinct of survival and letting go of Pi’s moral human self shows his determination to survive. In Pi’s darkest moment he explains that â€Å"This was the terrible cost of Richard Parker. He gave me a life, my own, but at the expense of taking one. He ripped the flesh off the man’s frame and cracked his bones. The smell of blood filled my nose. Something in me died then that has never come back to life†(255). Pi is not only talking about killing  another person, but he is talking about himself. Each time Pi took a life he was killing a piece of Pi’s old self. When he killed the Frenchman that is when all of Pi’s old self was killed and pure instinct took over. Pi can only bear to remember so much; he can list the sensations but he does not go into the awful event’s effect on his psyche. This moment, more than any other in the text, seems to mark an absence of God because of his hopelessness and guilt. It is also the moment where Pi’s life is most explicitly threatened. If Richard Parker is seen as a symbol of the pure survival instinct, this is the one moment in the text where that instinct wins out completely over morality and control. Describing the scarcity of food and water, Pi realizes â€Å"of how low I had sunk the day I noticed, with a pinching of the heart, that I ate like an animal, that this noisy, frantic, unchewing wolfing-down of mine was exactly the way Richard Parker ate†(225). He is starting to connect Richard Parker and himself. Pi’s subconscious makes up Richard Parker because he does not want to connect and accept responsibility for his animal-like actions. But when he starts connecting Richard Parker and himself, his is starting to realize that there is a connection and that in order to survive he must act animal-like. Even though he was vegetarian, he threw it away and ate viciously because he wanted to survive. Determination is key to Pi’s survival and is what keeps him going. Pi says, â€Å"Didn’t I have here a perfect circus ring, inescapably round, without a single corner for him to hide in? . . . Wasn’t this an ideal source of treats with which to condition him to obey?†. Then he goes on asking if there was â€Å"any reward greater than life?†. This all shows how determined he is for survival. He starts showing confidence during the most chaotic and disastrous event of his life. Pi decided to â€Å"tame† Richard Parker so that he could â€Å"trick him into dying first, if we had to come to that sorry business†(165). This also makes Pi have a dominant attitude towards Richard Parker. By taming Richard Parker, Pi is basically saying that he is the alpha male. It makes him feel in control of his situation and himself. In the second story, Pi is talking about controlling his wild self. Restraining his instincts makes him seem more human. Eith er way, each story has determination to survive. His strong belief of God, his superior tone,  the determination to live on, all support the presence of the will to survive. People must sacrifice things in order to remain alive. For Pi it was to sacrifice his morals and vegetarianism. For others it might be something different. But for survival, people have to sacrifice something in order to exist.

Medea: power of women a mythological context

Medea is the sorceress born to King Aeetes of Colchis and is said to be the granddaughter of Helios the god of Sun. Jason sought the golden ram’s fleece belonging to Aeetes’, in the process of earning the same as per conditions laid down by the King, Medea fell in love with Jason and assisted him in obtaining the fleece through her magical powers on the conditions that he married her. On obtaining the fleece, Jason fled the Kingdom with Medea and Absyrtis, her younger brother. To prevent Aeetes, from successfully pursuing them, Medea killed her younger brother and scattered his body in pieces so that her father’s men had to perforce stop to collect the pieces and give a decent burial to Absyrtis. The couple then settled in Corinth and Medea bore two sons to Jason. When Jason decided to marry the daughter of the king of Corinth, Creon, and Medea killed her as well as her own children borne from Jason to spite him in the harshest possible way. After the killing she took refuge with Aegeus, the king of Athens and bore him a son Medus, but finally failed in killing the elder son of Aegeus, thereby again having to flee from her husband. Medus later became the king of Media. The mythological tale of Medea provides a perspective of the role of women in Greek society and their pursuit to break away from a life given to serving the needs of men be it in the role of the daughter, sister, wife or mother. Viewing Greek Gender Role through the myth of Medea Medea’s struggle is that of a mythological woman in ancient times attempting to take control of her own life through a series of personal as well as public travails. The irony lies in it denoting, that to gain influence in society a woman has to be a force of evil, a sorceress with super natural powers granted as an exception rather than an emancipated position for all women folk. Medea thus embodies the opposite of the traditional gender role for women in Greek society rejecting the status quo, the stereo type of women being powerless and having to do the bidding of their male relatives and ultimately rules made by society for them. The traditional role granted to Greek women in mythology is that of a, â€Å"helper maiden† (Clauss and Iles (Ed), 1997, 13).   Some other views of gender roles indicate that women had a passive, domestic, emotional and somewhat irrational role to play while the male function was indicated as being active, reasonable, and rational and representing the public face. Medea attempts to carve an independent role not just for herself but for Greek women as a whole, however she is perhaps one of the few exceptions of her times and other women are unable to support her personal conviction. In assuming an independent role for herself, Medea highlights to Jason that had he perhaps told her about his intent of second marriage, things would have been different, though Jason naturally scoffs at this suggestion of hers as, â€Å"Oh yes, if I'd told you of the wedding, I'm sure you would have lent me fine support. Even now you can't stand to set aside that huge rage in your heart.† (Johnston, Nd) Medea highlights her fierce independence by rejecting the second non consensual marriage of Jason and also his offer to provide for her if she can only request him for help. She totally refuses to plead him, despite his generous offer, as Jason states, â€Å"All right, but I call the gods to witness I'm willing to help you and the children. But you reject my goods and stubbornly push away your friends, and that the reason you suffer still more pain.† (Johnston, Nd) Medea in relation to Peers Medea’s attempt to review the role of women has been epitomized in the struggle against the stereo type, feminine role in Greek mythology. This role confined women to being a wife, a bearer of children and one who continues to be miserable both before and after matrimony. Unlike other women, who perhaps accept their fate, Medea laments that, â€Å"First, we need a husband, someone we get for an excessive price. He then becomes the ruler of our bodies. ___ For a divorce loses women all respect, yet we can't refuse to take a husband. __ But if the marriage doesn't work, then death is much to be preferred. ___ We women have to look at just one man.† (Johnston, Nd) Medea detests the role of the female as a womb for the children of her husband; however she assumed these thoughts only after she has been scorned by her husband who has taken another women. She represents a women scorned, thus, â€Å"In other things a woman may be timid—in watching battles or seeing steel, but when she's hurt in love, her marriage violated, there's no heart more desperate for blood than hers.† (Johnston, Nd) But then women in Greek society are not supposed to complain against such injustice. And her lament bore no fruit as in the classical Greek tradition, the women who rebels is expelled from society, thus Creon says, â€Å"You there, Medea, scowling in anger against your husband. I'm ordering you out of Corinth. You must go into exile, and take those two children of yours with you.† (Johnston, Nd) To Medea this is dual injustice as she has lost her husband to another woman and for protesting has been expelled from Corinth. Women in Corinth as the King told Medea had to suffer in silence. They had to be redeemed by bearing children for their husbands, through charity, sober behavior and faith. This very lucidly highlights the Greek view that women have no right to protest in case their husband has abandoned them and have to suffer in solitude. The key issue is thus lack of choice to women while not for men. Medea however succeeds in gaining power through her role as a sorceress. Thus by her knowledge of herbs and health potions, she is able to gain control of her adversaries as well as her loved ones. These potions have power to heal, denoted as magic in mythology. This is one element of power which has been invariably granted to women in Greece, given their greater knowledge of the value and utility of different types of herbs. Another allusion to the power of women expressed by being a sorceress is Medea’s killings, first her brother, than Jason’s second wife and her own children. The power of causing death which is a negative influence is generally seen to be granted to the male in Greek mythology through his ability to wage war and victory. Medea aspires to and gains this power through her facility with potions, causing death with equanimity. This is the power of evil, so be it feels the scorned women, for perhaps in ancient Greece that is the only power that women could aspire for. By assuming an active role in each of her joint encounters with Jason, whether it is in assisting him in gaining hold of the golden ram’s fleece, getting away from her father, seeking a second marriage or in getting her son Medus a say in the kingdom of Athens, it is the active role played by Medea, rather than normal passivity which is associated with women in Greece which is significant. Medea is so dominantly active, that she even gives an impression to Jason that in case he had sought her consent to marry a second time; she would have perhaps accorded him the same. This active position is undertaken through the path of evil, as a sorceress.   This was perhaps natural given the times in which Medea lived, representing exception rather than the aspirations of a large proportion of her gender who were perhaps satisfied to remain within the confines of the traditional role granted to them by society of looking after the home and hearth. This route of evil to gain power as a woman may be faulted but perhaps it has to be placed in the context of Medea as a woman having no other option in ancient Greece. Reference 1. Johnston, Ian. (Translation). No Date (Nd). Euripides Medea. http://www.mala.bc.ca/~johnstoi/euripides/medea.htm 2.Clauss, James J. Johnston, Sarah Iles. Eds. 1997. Medea: Essays on Medea in Myth, Literature, Philosophy and Art. Princeton. Princeton University Press. 3. Foley, Helene P. 2002. Female Acts in Greek Tragedy. Princeton. Princeton University Press. ; ;

Sociological Conflict Theory

Teenage suicide, the third leading cause of death for those 13-18 years old, is a complexity of issues which culminates in a catastrophic action, the causation of which can only be partially examined or explained by the 3 main sociological theories. Functionalism would attempt to illustrate suicide as a working part of society—the weak and possibly the unsuccessful eliminate themselves, allowing society to devote resources to other issues. A con of this theory is that it does not address the issue; what motivated suicide may be a significant issue within society.Another con of this theory is that it fails to see global perspective and even a family view, thereby forcing society to use resources on family; this could be more costly than assisting the anomie. Another theory why teenage suicide is functional to our society is that failed suicide attempts give us invaluable information into the minds of those in this desperate state. A study was taken of teenagers who had attempte d suicide in British Columbia. It found common denominators such as problems in their family situations, the pressure to excel, and low self-esteem.The data collected shows an example of functionalism because it can prevent future suicides. Although suicide is perceived as a completely personal act, it creates negative latent functions that echo throughout society as a whole. When economic times are tough, some social welfare programs may be cut leading to higher suicide rates. One example is that in Europe suicide can affect how economic decisions are made by the government’s welfare programs (International Journal of Social Welfare Article published online: 9 FEB 2011). This ultimately decreases the size of the work force possibly negatively effecting economic recovery.The Marx Conflict Theory does an exemplary job in outlining the precursors for teenage suicide by exposing the underlying conflict existing between classes. This class conflict can be easily seen in American high school today. There are several factors which increase the risk of teenage suicide which vary slightly from survey to survey, but all include stress over relationships and/or performance expectations. The Conflict Theory, however, does little to address the underlying individual motivations involved in teenage suicides.For example, it does not address warning signs or the fact that a predominance of those committing suicide or attempting to commit suicide has at least one, often more than one emotional or psychological disorder. Children from the ages 15-24 are more prone for suicide due to the major changes that are occurring at this stage of life. There are many images and labels associated with teenage suicide, which coincide with the symbolic interactionism theory. Studies show that â€Å"goths† are more likely to commit suicide than â€Å"normal† teens (http://www. cvpy. org/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderfiles/goth-teens-dhr. df). The reasons behind a teen's suicide or attempted suicide can be complex; some may even see it as a solution. Feelings of rejection, hurt, loss, anger, shame, or guilt can be contributing factors. Concern over disappointing friends or family members, feeling unwanted, unloved, victimized, or like they're a burden to others can lead to suicidal thoughts. Labeled teenage subcultures are often targets for bullying and teasing, which can lead to a teen’s suicide (http://alterophobia. blogspot. com/2008/05/tempest-smith-another-victim-of-hatred. html).Often, suicidal teens are seen as alienated or unduly stressed, unable to cope with the demands placed on them by their parents, peers, and the media. Within some subcultures, suicide itself may be seen as glamorous, noble, a way to lighten the burden on others, or a way to reject the norms of society. Each theory can contribute to the sociological causation and explanation of teenage suicidal tendencies; none stand alone in providing a thorough explanation of t his societal woe, though symbolic interactionism provides the most adequate examination of the issue, due to the many images and labels that are associated with teenage suicide.

Billing system Essay

The Information Flow Model (IFM) is used to understand the sources and destination of information flow, which is required to execute the business process as shown in Figure 3.5. In IFM, information or data generators and processors are brought together to explain the flow. This could be documents, e-mail, or voicemail. The contents of the flow could be text, images, or diagrams. The purpose of the flow is to take the process further to its logical conclusion. For example, a customer order is to be processed for delivery or to be rejected, and necessary data or information input has to be provided progressively in the process. IFM is generally a high-level model showing main flows, internal flows of information from sources, such as product catalogs, and manufacturing schedules. Customer profiles and accounting information are not shown. These are presumed to be present. In an information flow model, each processing stage is described as one of the following stage classes: 1. Data Supply Ââ€" where data suppliers forward information into the system. 2. Data Acquisition Ââ€" the stage that accepts data from external suppliers and injects it into the system. 3. Data Creation Ââ€" internal to the system, data may be generated and then forwarded to another processing stage. 4. Data Processing Ââ€" any stage that accepts input and generates output (as well as generating side effects). 5. Data Packaging Ââ€" any point at which information is collated, aggregated and summarized for reporting purposes. 6. Decision Making Ââ€" the point where human interaction is required. 7. Decision Implementation Ââ€" the stage where the decision made at a decision-making stage is executed, which may affect other processing stages or a data delivery stage. 8. Data Delivery Ââ€" the point where packaged information is delivered to a known data consumer. 9. Data Consumption Ââ€" as the data consumer is the ultimate user of processed information, the consumption stage is the exit stage of the system. Data moves between stages through directed information channels Ââ€" pipelines indicating the flow of information from one processing stage to another and the direction in which data flows. An information flow model is represented by the combination of the processing stages connected by directed information channels. Once the flow model has been constructed, names are assigned to each of the stages and channels. An information flow model can be used to identify the source of a data quality problem. The effects of a data quality problem might manifest themselves at different stages within an information flow, perhaps at different data consumption stages. However, what may appear to be multiple problems may all be related to a single point of failure that takes place earlier in the processing. By identifying a set of data-quality expectations and creating validation rules that can be imposed at the entry and exit of each processing stage, we can trace through the information flow model to the stage at which the data quality problem occurred. Fixing the problem at the source will have a beneficial effect across the board, as all subsequent manifestations should be eliminated!

Personal statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 27

Personal Statement Example Therefore, this course would greatly sharpen my entrepreneurial skills and would be a responsible manager in the business world. When I started my undergraduate course at Bangor University, I acquired basic knowledge of accounting and management. In freshman sophomore, I acquired a lot of knowledge related to accounting courses, which will boost my performance at the collage. At the second grade in the university, I majored in finance and banking, which was my favorite, and I excelled scoring an average of 71.17. Additionally, in the third grade at the University I advanced my interest and took behavioral finance, corporate risk management and operational management. I successfully passed in the majored subjects in all grades. This new course will greatly benefit me in succeeding in my entrepreneur business since I will require all the acquired skills (Baty & Michael, P. 57). All the previous courses have enabled me hold various positions, which I have performed excellently. Additionally, I have been recommended positively in all organizations I have worked for and they have requested me to work with them onc e am through with my studies. Any successful enterprise manager does not require only enterprise knowledge, but one requires mastering the financial knowledge. Additionally, companies require to get detailed feedback from managers and therefore, enrolling at your college will enable me acquire the necessary skills to become a manager. When managers posses a more comprehensive knowledge they are likely to deal with any kind of business related idea and one does not encounter challenges when formulating business strategies. Additionally, immediately I enroll for my course, I will begin looking for a job in the banking sector or any other related industry in order to practice the knowledge acquired from the university. Therefore, during this period I will also be searching for other various

Food & Beverage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Food & Beverage - Essay Example Being a consultant, I will pay 35% of the total time and energies on people development, due to the very reality that staff members are the identification and uniqueness of an organization, behavior, performance, qualification and professionalism of which means a lot to the organization. It is staff on the basis of which people visit the organization. Second priority would be given to operations department, which will take 25% of total time and energies. Like people, products are also the sign of an organization’s recognition and individuality. If clients are not satisfied with the products and services offer to them, they will never trust an organization. Moreover, if product and services are satisfactory, they will surely leave significant impact upon both sales and profit. Lastly, I will suggest equal concentration to be paid to sales and profit, which will be 20% of the total investment for each. Sales phenomenon is the department that determines future planning and strate gy making of an organization for future. Moreover, profit ultimately soars up provided customers and clients are satisfied with the performance of the staff on the one hand, and quality and excellence of the products and services on the other. Being a consultant of the food chain I aim to pay due heed to the products and services of the organization, which will surely increase the food cost from 26.5% to 31.3% over the same period. One of the main reasons behind such a sudden as well as an imperative jump in the food cost is certainly applying most hygienic products with proper sterilizing of all the crockery including dishes, glasses and cooking range etc, as well as keeping the area extremely neat and clean. Moreover, use of fresh and high meat, vegetables and fruit will also increase the expenditure of the food to be presented to the customers. In addition, presentation and

The concerns will be with regard to population in the Research Paper

The concerns will be with regard to population in the - Research Paper Example According to the pilot issue of Horizon: Future Issues for Development, in an article entitled â€Å"Population Growth, Environment and Food Security: What Does the Future Hold?,† human population growth is â€Å"the most significant cause† of many of the problems that the world faces like climate change, poverty and scarcity of food resources. By around 2050, the growth of the world’s population will be by 2.7 billion thus resulting in an estimated total of 9 billion people by that time (Collodi & McCormack, 2009). This significant increase in the human population will definitely outrun the supply of natural resources and will definitely force man to exploit the natural environment for the sake of survival. In the table below from the United Nations Population Fund, one can see that the projected population of the world by 2050 is either 7 billion still, or 10.5 billion as the upper limit, or ideally at 9 billion. One of the problems caused by overpopulation that will most likely affect the world on a global scale is environmental degradation. The overwhelming growth in population is expected to lead to unsustainable demands on the environment as well as natural resources. There is also a consequent production of hazardous waste and an intensified level of urbanization, both of which are expected to contribute to the degradation of the environment. There is also climate change due to the increase in the amount of greenhouse gas emissions by around 52% by 2050. Aside from this, water is expected to be scarce, and that 90% of freshwater supply will be gone even by 2030. Moreover, there is also an expected doubling of the demands for energy all over the world even 20 years from now. There is also a considerable loss of biodiversity, destruction of many ecosystems, and renewable environmental resources because of excessive draining of wetlands, clearing of forests and expansion of infrastructure (Collodi & McCormack, 2009). Another global problem

Mamikon's Calculus Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Mamikon's Calculus - Research Paper Example II. Description of Mamikon’s Approach Mamikon’s method utilized shapes in order to get his points across about the ways that calculus could be approached. According to Pritchard (2003), Mamikon Mnatsakanian came up with a visual method of solving calculus utilizing shapes, which befuddled the Soviets; later on, he got his Ph.D. in physics (pp. 38). Of course, giving students linear and curved objects would be just one way to demonstrate how a calculus problem is set up. According Tom Apostol and Mamikon Mnatsakanian’s article in Haunsperger (2007), â€Å"For centuries mathematicians have been interested in curves that can be constructed†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pp. 120). Mamikon’s idea was that if young people—even very young children—could use manipulatables in order to see how shapes can form and change based on volume or linear adjustments, they would be able to innately understand principles that come directly from calculus. In this regard, it is so important to have exposure to complex math problems as early as possible in order to stimulate a child’s mind. This is not to say that very young students should be forming the geometry proofs proving energy equals mass times the speed of light squared. On the contrary, the math that children should work on, in terms of problems, should be guided with visual aids and shapes or drawings that would further explain some complex concepts. III. Three Examples Having the students find a simple derivative would be a good place for them to start in learning more about the world of calculus. According to Alsina and Nelsen (2006), â€Å"In calculus, one [important piece of information] is the area under the graph of a function† (pp. 16). First, they could start of with a very simple equation, like f(x) = x^2. Then, what they could do next is find the derivative. The equation would be f’ (also known as f prime) = 2x. Next, the next step would be having a derivative of 2. And then the integer would become zero, finally. So, this is just one way in which some of the rules of derivatives could be simply explained on the board with graphs and a formula instead of having to go through the rules of the derivatives, which are pretty self-explanatory once you see how it’s done. Graphs help greatly in this regard. According to Larson and Edwards (2008), â€Å"[L]ine segments give a visual perspective of the slopes of the solutions of the differential equation† (pp. 256). The second example that would be given would be more geometry than anything else, and more of an introductory calculus problem. In order to find the hypotenuse of a triangle that the kids would cut out, they would have to take the sin of the angle equal to the opposite over adjacent lengths and then solve the problem. The third project that kids could work on would be to correctly calculate the time that it would take for a fish tank to fill up by taking measurements of the speed of the water, the measurements of the tank, etc. They would then use a calculus formula in order to figure out the answer by plugging in the numbers. This could be used to fill up a fish tank and then add new fish to the tank as a class project. IV. Lesson Plan for Students (With Accommodations for Diverse Learning Styles) Lesson Plan Components for a 5th-Grade Calculus-Focused Math Class Resources. Blackboard or whiteboard, construction paper, fishtank, water, hose, scissors, pens, pencils, colored pencils, and calculus

International business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

International business - Essay Example FCPA has played a major role in discouraging corruption in international business. Transparency International index also reveals countries that have been involved in corrupt international deals. Scandinavian countries have been listed as the countries which are mostly corrupt in terms of international business. US is listed 19th in that list from the data released in 2013. However, this does not mean that American Companies do not engage in this malpractice. Currently WalMart is under investigation for bribing Mexican officials with over $ 30 million to open their stores in that country. It is no wonder WalMart has gained roots in Mexico. Wal-Mart has extended its operations to Mexico therefore posing so much threat to Comercil a Mexican retail chain shop. Wal-Mart has been a strong competitor especially since NAFTA’s lifted its tariffs which were posing a significant threat to WalMart operations. Mexico joined GATT which has liberalized the trade space allowing free entry and exit of businesses. FCPA aims at training and employing more officials in order t o avert this malpractice. This will only be possible if the FCPA works together with the department of

Discuss the four core strategies that underpin the modern concept of Essay

Discuss the four core strategies that underpin the modern concept of Risk Management and Control. Relate these core strategies to practical security - Essay Example xecuted in a variety of ways, which comprises of strategies including the transfer of the risk toward another party, avoiding any such risks beforehand, reduction of the after-effects and consequences of the risk once it hits the organization or in another case, accepting the consequences posed by a risk. Also, the nature of risk management depends on the kind of risk posed on an organization, i.e. in case of a physical risk; the risk management would involve analysis of potent risks on property of the organization, while financial threats may be resolved by considering insurance options etc. Also, the threats may be initiated from many different sources, for instance, there may be environmental, technological, and political or in some cases even organizational threats involved, which the manager may have to deal with. Prior to the execution of the risk management, assessment of the risk is quite crucial. This involves the analysis over the extent of the severity of any kind of potential loss which may occur or the chanced of the occurrence of the loss. The manager must measure the value via various indicators he/she might come up with during the analysis. However, if the statistical data is available for the cause, this would be an ideal situation, as the risk assessment in this case would be the most accurate one. Risk assessment, here, implies that the manager undertakes the holistic view of the organization, considering the resources, internal and external environment, along with the market conditions and any other factors which must be taken into account to make a prediction on what kind of threats may affect the organization. Based on this analysis, the manager clearly identifying the nature and the extent, also the probability if the threats which the organization may have to face in the fu ture. Once the analysis is conducted, the manager can then consider the options and then take considerable time to choose the most desirable options to avoid any kind of

Mintaka Star Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Mintaka Star - Research Paper Example While looking up to the sky during the Tasmanian Summer, it is possible for one to pick up the popular Orion constellation. One of the major captivating features that people see in the Orion belt is the three stars, which people consider to be the giant’s belt. Mintaka is the star that is situated to the westernmost end of the belt, and it is an Arabic word that is associated with a belt. Alnilam is the central star and it refers to â€Å"a belt of pearls†. Alnitak is situated to the easternmost side and it refers to a â€Å"girdle†. All these stars are said to have been formed at the same time and are also situated at an equal distance from earth. Rigel, Saiph, Bellatrix and Betelgeuse stars were formed almost at the same time as the three stars (Gonzalez). When observing all these stars on the celestial sphere, Rigel appears to be the brightest one, and it is characterized by a white/blue appearance, while star Betelgeuse shines brightly with a reddish hue. The other stars have varying degrees of brightness, all emitting whitish color. Like in the case with most constellations, the unique stars which are associated with a unique figure are positioned at varying degrees of distance from the viewing positions that people adopt here on earth but they do not have a mutual â€Å"ancestry.† However, in Table 1, the stars that are situated in Orion’s belt together with the other fainter stars that are above and to the right of the belt share a common distance, which is approximately 1000 light years from earth (Starr).

Research a Fortune 500 company Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

A Fortune 500 company - Research Paper Example Introduction Wal-Mart is regarded as an American based multinational retail business corporation. It is one of the top companies which regained its position in the Fortune 500 list as per the 2012 report. The company emphasized providing quality products to the customers at a reasonable price which supported it to regain its position in the market (Duke, 2012). The management and the marketing strategies that adopted and used by Wal-Mart have a great impact on its increasing sales and the revenue earned. The foremost reasons for the success of Wal-Mart include its effective management, making deliberate efforts to attain its vision and growth among others which are in turn providing the business of the company an edge over others. Management and Marketing Strategies Wal-Mart developed a business model which focused on providing greater satisfaction to the customer with the deliverance of low price products to them. The management of the company followed upon developing its marketing mix strategy. In terms of analyzing management strategies of Wal-Mart, it can be viewed that the management of the company took steps to offer reasonable prices to the different product ranges that they deliver to the customers. The management segments the product type based on the buying capacity of the individuals. In relation to marketing strategies, the company emphasized promoting its broad assortment of products through using hoardings, leaflets and offering special discounts. In this regard, it can be affirmed that the management of the company desires to attract the customers by creating a positive brand name and recognition in the business markets where it operates. Relating to marketing strategy, the management team of the company developed a slogan as a way of promoting its varied products i.e. "Everyday Low Prices."Â   Continuous innovation and the use of technology for making the customers more satisfied are the other managerial approaches that used by Wal-Mart. It can be apparently observed that technology innovation at Wal-Mart typically involves process and service invention that helps in reducing operational costs and time at large. In this context, the management followed three policy goals i.e. respect for individuals, facility to customers and determination for excellence (Hayden et. al., 2002). Different Business Life Cycles that Endured By Wal-Mart The Prosperity Phase- This phase is regarded as the growth phase of any company which is marked by strong economy and market presence. In this similar concern, Wal-Mart maintained this particular phase by offering "high-quality," along with branded products at low prices and also by forming several stores in small towns. Wal-Mart uses the discount merchandising strategy in order to increase the demand and the sales of its products and hence accomplished superior competitive position over others. In relation to this particular phase, the company is growing rapidly due to diversification strateg y that it follows and expanding its outlets in small towns. Another reason for the company to flourish in this modern business market is focusing on delivering high customer services. Due to excessive demand of the products, the management of the company absorbed more employees during this phase (Hayden et. al., 2002). The Recession and Recovery Phase- This is the business phase which exhibits expansion by a significant level. This particular pha